pyq/2013/public-administration-optional-i/3

(a) “Decisions are not made by ‘organizations’, but by ‘human beings’ behaving as members of organizations.” How do Bernard and Simon conceptualize the relation between the decisions of the individual employee and the organizational authority? (20 marks)

(b) “A variety of different organizational arrangements can be used to provide different public goods and services.” Explain the theory underlying this proposition and its potential contribution. (15 marks)

(c) What is the nature of psychological contract pursued by organizational management through authority and the employees through exertion of upward influence? (15 marks)