pyq/2015/history-optional-ii/5

Critically examine the following statements in about 150 words each: (10 marks, 150 words)

(a) “France was even more fertile than Britain in producing new socialist theories and movements, though bore less concrete results in France than Britain.”

(b) “The multiple contradictions that quickly undermined the new edifice, had been expressed even before the meeting of the Estates General in France. The internal conflict among Estates had manifested itself.”

(c) “The whole episode that is known as the July Revolution (1830) was fought and won not for the establishment of an extreme democracy but to get rid of the aristocratic and clericalist attitude of the restored Bourbons.”

(d) “Mazzini’s conception of Italian nationality was not exclusive and his dominant ideal was the recreation of moral unity of mankind.”

(e) “The Continental Blockade was a misconceived idea of economically defeating Great Britain.”