pyq/2017/history-optional-ii/5

Critically examine the following statements in about 150 words each : (50 marks, 150 words each)

(a) “Kant’s redefinition of reason and his rehabilitation of conscience marked a high point in the intellectual reaction against dominant rationalism of the Enlightenment.”

(b) “The spirit behind the great reforms of Napoleon’s Consulate at home was the transference of the methods of Bonaparte the general to the task of Bonaparte the statesman.”

(c) “The roots of the Chartst movement in Great Britain were partly political and partly economic.”

(d) “18 January, 1871 had been a day of triumph for the strength and pride of Germany and 28 June, 1919 was the day of chastisement.”

(e) “The collapse of Berlin Wall on 9 November, 1989 brought new meaning to the idea of cooperation in Europe.”