pyq/2018/public-administration-optional-i/6

(a) In order to be development-oriented, bureaucracies need to be innovative, flexible, citizen-centric and result-oriented, but they are slow in imbibing these virtues in a democratic system. Do we need to go beyond the traditional models of bureaucracy and create alternative structures? Elaborate. (20 marks)

(b) "Administrative values have no value unless they are valued by all stakeholders of the governance system." Comment. (15 marks)

(c) "Lateral entry is an antidote to the complacency in civil service." Discuss. (15 marks)