pyq/2019/philosophy-optional-i/2

(a) How do the logical positivists account for the meaning of general statements? Can the same account be applied to metaphysical statements? Discuss. (20)

(b) What are the reasons for developmental changes in substance according to Aristotle? Discuss. (15)

(c) What do you understand by Spinoza's statement that what is, cannot be other than what it is? Explain. (15)