pyq/2020/geography-optional-i/8

(a) Discuss how and why Mackinder modified his concept of Pivot Area after the World Wars. (20 marks)

(b) Provide an account of world population transition in the context of fertility decline and socio-economic development. (15 marks)

(c) “Human ecology is the study of mutual relationship of people and their environment both natural and social.” Discuss in detail using ecological concepts. (15 marks)