pyq/2020/history-optional-ii/6

(a) "Napoleon was not a revolutionary but he solidified many of the revolutionary changes of 1789 – 1791 and he himself supported most of the ideas and proposals of Enlightenment philosophers." Substantitate. (20)

(b) "Lincoln's main thesis was that the Slavery issue had to be decided one way or the other and could no longer be evaded by compromise." Comment in the light of his role in the American Civil War. (20)

(c) "The 1848 revolutions frightened the crowned heads of Europe and caused several to abdicate. Those who remained were cognizant of the threats posed by liberalism, nationalism and socialism." Comment. (10)