pyq/2023/philosophy-optional-i/8

(a) "Ignorance of dependent origination is suffering while its knowledge is cessation of suffering." Present an account of Buddhist soteriology in the light of above statement. (20 marks)

(b) Write a note on Nyāya notion of Prāgabhāva (prior non-existence). How does this notion help Naiyāyikas in defending their position on causation against the Sāmkhya view of causation? Critically discuss. (15 marks)

(c) Do words refer to universals or particulars or both? Present an exposition of Nyāya and Mīmāṁsā position with regard to above question along with suitable examples. (15 marks)