pyq/2024/history-optional-ii/4

(a) The Swadeshi movement of 1905 anticipated many of the tactics that were later developed during the Gandhian mass movement. – Critically examine. (20 marks)

(b) The trade union movement joined forces with the mainstream of nationalist politics to strengthen each other in their struggle against colonial rule. – Comment. (20 marks)

(c) India’s developmental strategy after independence was influenced by economic imperatives, not ideological considerations. – Comment. (10 marks)