pyq/2025/philosophy-optional-i/5

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each :

(a) Explain the ground on which Cārvāka rejects inference (anumāna) as a valid source of knowledge. (10 marks, 150 words)

(b) Present an exposition of the debate between Naiyāyikas and Buddhists with reference to the notion of Pramāṇa and Pramāṇaphala. (10 marks, 150 words)

(c) Delineate the main points of difference between the theory of intrinsic validation (svataḥ prāmāṇyavāda) and theory of extrinsic validation (parataḥ prāmāṇyavāda) in classical Indian philosophy. (10 marks, 150 words)

(d) Examine Rāmānuja's seven objections against Māyāvāda of Advaita. (10 marks, 150 words)

(e) Present an exposition of Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika's theory of causation. (10 marks, 150 words)