pyq/2025/public-administration-optional-i/8

(a) The effectiveness of civil society in development process is only when state institutions are receptive to inputs from the civil society organizations. Discuss. (20 marks)

(b) Evaluate the role and scope of tacit knowledge and personal experience as an important source of knowledge in policy making process. (15 marks)

(c) The efficacy of management aid tools depends on the purpose and appropriateness of tools and techniques. Explain with examples. (15 marks)