pyq/2022/history-optional-i/7

(a) The Virashaiva Movement of Southern Deccan in the twelfth century was essentially an attempt at social reform. Discuss. (15 marks)

(b) The various Gharanas of Hindustani classical music were outcomes of patronage by regional princely courts, rather than central imperial ones. Discuss. (15 marks)

(c) The prolonged conflict between the Vijayanagara Kingdom and the Bahmani successor states was influenced less by cultural factors, and more by strategic and economic considerations. Comment. (20 marks)