Year 2022

Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence

How will you explain the medieval Indian temple sculptures represent the social life of those days?

"The most significant achievement of modern law in India is the constitutionalization of environmental problems by the Supreme Court." Discuss this statement with the help of relevant case laws.

Why is Public Private Partnership (PPP) required in infrastructural projects? Examine the role of PPP model in the redevelopment of Railway Stations in India.

(a) Wisdom lies in knowing what to reckon with and what to overlook. An officer being engrossed with the periphery, ignoring the core issues before him, is no rare in the bureaucracy. Do you agree that such preoccupation of an administrator leads to travesty of justice to the cause of effective service delivery and good governance? Critically evaluate.

(b) Apart from intellectual competency and moral qualities, empathy and compassion are some of the other vital attributes that facilitate the civil servants to be more competent in tackling the crucial issues or taking critical decisions. Explain with suitable illustrations.

Write notes on the following in about 150 words each : (10x5=50 marks)

(a) Debate between formalist and substantivist approaches (10 marks, 150 words)

(b) Mesolithic rock art in Indian subcontinent (10 marks, 150 words)

(c) Radcliffe-Brown’s ideas on status, role and institution (10 marks, 150 words)

(d) Pedigree analysis in genetic counselling (10 marks, 150 words)

(e) Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) (10 marks, 150 words)

Write short notes on the following in about 150 words each : (50 marks, 150 words each)

(a) Pit-dwellers of Kashmir (10 marks, 150 words)

(b) Varna and Buddhism (10 marks, 150 words)

(c) Dharma versus Religion (10 marks, 150 words)

(d) Safeguards for linguistic minorities in India (10 marks, 150 words)

(e) Westernisation and Modernisation (10 marks, 150 words)

Answer the following in about 150 words each : (10x5=50)

1. (a) Define 'speleothem'. Discuss the various forms and features of speleothems. (10 marks)

1. (b) What are the high altitude environmental hazards ? Explain with suitable examples. (10 marks)

1. (c) What is pollution dome ? Discuss its formation and impacts. (10 marks)

1. (d) When corals are affected by stress it causes them to turn completely white. Explain the reasons of such an occurrence. (10 marks)

1. (e) Well developed soils typically exhibit distinct layers in their soil profile. Elaborate. (10 marks)

(a) On the outline map of India provided to you, mark the location of all of the following. Write in your QCA Booklet the significance of these locations, whether physical / commercial / economic / ecological / environmental / cultural, in no more than 30 words for each entry: (2x10=20 marks)

(i) Tarangambadi

(ii) Mahe

(iii) Bomdila

(iv) Dhola Sadiya Bridge

(v) Talakaveri

(vi) Satkosia

(vii) Dholavira

(viii) Sonamarg

(ix) Malikku Atoll

(x) Gangasagar

(b) Why has extreme particulate pollution remained a festering issue in Delhi NCR region ? (10 marks)

(c) How do physiography and climate of India explain the biological diversity of the country? (10 marks)

(d) The process of desertification leads to soil desiccation and soil loss. Explain. (10 marks)

Identify the following places marked on the map supplied to you and write a short note of about 30 words on each of them in your Question-cum-Answer Booklet. Locational hints for each of the places marked on the map are given below seriatim : 50

(i) Palaeolithic site

(ii) Mesolithic site with burials

(iii) Neolithic pit-dwelling

(iv) Early village settlement

(v) Neolithic site

(vi) Neolithic-Chalcolithic site

(vii) Harappan UNESCO site

(viii) Megalithic burial site

(ix) Place of Second Sangam

(x) Earliest Satavahana capital

(xi) Place of inscribed statue of Ashoka

(xii) First Gupta hoard of coins

(xiii) Hoard of metal sculptures

(xiv) Ancient port

(xv) Oldest Jesuit church

(xvi) Centre of Gandhara art

(xvii) Buddhist monastery

(xviii) Place of earliest Vishnu temple

(xix) Shiva and Buddhist temple complex

(xx) Earliest Chaitya Griha

Critically examine the following statements in about 150 words each : (50 marks, 150 words)

1. (a) ‘The Battle of Plassey (1757) was a skirmish while the Battle of Buxar (1764) was a real war’. (10 marks)

1. (b) ‘The Treaty of Amritsar (1809) was significant for its immediate as well as potential effects’. (10 marks)

1. (c) ‘Famines were not just because of foodgrain scarcity, but were a direct result of colonial economic policies’. (10 marks)

1. (d) ‘Penetration of outsiders – called dikus by the Santhals – completely destroyed their familiar world, and forced them into action to take possession of their lost territory’. (10 marks)

1. (e) ‘Within a limited scope the Indian Scientists could pursue original scientific research in colonial India’. (10 marks)

(a) How does Plato use the theory of forms to establish the relation between epistemology and metaphysics? Discuss. (10 marks)

1. (b) What is Bertrand Russell's method of logical analysis? How does it ultimately end in establishing atomic theory of meaning? Discuss. (10 marks)

1. (c) Establish the tenability of later Wittgenstein's motion of language as form of life. (10 marks)

1. (d) What is psychologism? Critically discuss the way Edmund Husserl avoids the problem of psychologism in the discourse of transcendental phenomenology. (10 marks)

1. (e) What is apperception, according to Immanuel Kant? Discuss with reference to his transcendental exposition of space and time. (10 marks)

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: (10 marks, 150 words)

(a) Discuss the role of enlightenment movement in the rise of humanism.

(b) In the age of individualism and universal franchise, what role does caste play in body-politic? Discuss.

(c) Is corruption a systemic issue or an ethical issue? Give your critical comments.

(d) “Complete liberty may lead to inequality while order and restrictions imply a necessary loss of freedom.” Critically discuss.

(e) What are the moral justifications of capital punishment? Discuss.

Write on the following in about 150 words each :

(a) Systems Approach (10 marks, 150 words)

(b) Cultural Relativism (10 marks, 150 words)

(c) “Revolution in Permanence” (10 marks, 150 words)

(d) Bases of Power (10 marks, 150 words)

(e) Locke’s Social Contract (10 marks, 150 words)

Answer the following in about 150 words each :

1. (a) Discuss the main limitations of the comparative method to the study of Political Science. (10 marks, 150 words)

1. (b) What are the main challenges faced by the developing countries in the era of globalisation ? (10 marks, 150 words)

1. (c) Discuss the commonalities between the Marxist and Realist approach to the study of International Politics. (10 marks, 150 words)

1. (d) Bipolar structure of the world is more stable than the multipolar one. Comment. (10 marks, 150 words)

1. (e) National Interest is an essentially contested concept. Comment. (10 marks, 150 words)

Answer the following in about 150 words each :

(a) Public Management takes ‘what’ and ‘why’ from Public Administration and ‘how’ from Business Management. Elaborate. (10 marks, 150 words)

(b) Every human organisation shall start from System-I and ultimately end up with System-IV. Comment on Likert’s statement. (10 marks, 150 words)

(c) All tribunals are courts, but all courts are not tribunals. Explain. (10 marks, 150 words)

(d) Classical Organisation Theory formed the bedrock for the modern organisation theories. Analyse. (10 marks, 150 words)

(e) Interaction between the State and Civil society has hitherto been largely neglected, especially in developing countries. Examine. (10 marks, 150 words)

Answer the following in about 150 words.

(a) “Mughal administrative system was centralised despotism”. Comment. (10 marks, 150 words)

(b) “The office of the District Collector admirably survived the changing times from colonialism to the present times”. Comment. (10 marks, 150 words)

(c) “The smooth transaction of business in Ministries and Departments depends on the role played by Cabinet Secretariat”. Discuss. (10 marks, 150 words)

(d) “The Government of India Act, 1935 is the most important source of Indian constitution”. Identify its features. (10 marks, 150 words)

(e) “The Chief Secretary is the chief communication link between the state and central government”. Explain. (10 marks, 150 words)

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each : (50 marks)

(a) Delimit the scope of Sociology in relation to other social sciences. (10 marks, 150 words)

(b) How does a researcher achieve objectivity in interpretative research? (10 marks, 150 words)

(c) The difference between information and data in social science is subtle. Comment. (10 marks, 150 words)

(d) Durkheim argued that society is more than the sum of individual acts. Discuss. (10 marks, 150 words)

(e) How do sociologists construct gender in their analysis on social inequality? (10 marks, 150 words)

Write short answers, with a sociological perspective, on the following questions in about 150 words each :

(a) Elaborate on M.N. Srinivas's structural-functionalist approach to the study of Indian society. (10 marks, 150 words)

(b) Do you agree that the agrarian class structure in India is changing ? Justify your answer with illustrations. (10 marks, 150 words)

(c) Elucidate the challenges of integration for tribal communities in India. (10 marks, 150 words)

(d) In the context of the changing Indian society, how do you view Andre Beteille's conceptions of harmonic and disharmonic social structures ? (10 marks, 150 words)

(e) Explain Leela Dube's concept of “Seed and Earth”. (10 marks, 150 words)

Read the following two passages and answer the items that follow the passages. Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only.

Passage–1

The main threat to maintaining progress in human development comes from the increasingly evident unsustainability of production and consumption patterns. Current production models rely heavily on fossil fuels. We now know that this is unsustainable because the resources are finite. The close link between economic growth and greenhouse gas emissions needs to be served for human development to become truly sustainable. Some developed countries have begun to alleviate the worst effects by expanding recycling and investing in public transport and infrastructure. But most developing countries are hampered by the high costs and low availability of clean energy sources. Developed countries need to support developing countries' transition to sustainable human development.

Unsustainability in production pattern is due to which of the following?

1. Heavy dependence on fossil fuels

2. Limited availability of resources

3. Expansion of recycling

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(A) 1 and 2 only

(B) 2 only

(C) 1 and 3 only

(D) 1, 2 and 3

Rapid Financing Instrument and "Rapid Credit Facility" are related to the provisions of lending by which one of the following?

(A) Asian Development Bank

(B) International Monetary Fund

(C) United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative

(D) World Bank