Year 2021

The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced.

Evaluate the nature of the Bhakti Literature and its contribution to Indian culture.

'Constitutional Morality' is rooted in the Constitution itself and is founded on its essential facets. Explain the doctrine of 'Constitutional Morality' with the help of relevant judicial decisions.

Explain the difference between computing methodology of India's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) before the year 2015 and after the year 2015.

(a) Identify five ethical traits on which one can plot the performance of a civil servant. Justify their inclusion in the matrix.

(b) Identify ten essential values that are needed to be an effective public servant. Describe the ways and means to prevent non-ethical behavior in the public servants.

Write notes on the following in about 150 words each : (10x5=50)

(a) Animism and Deep Ecology (10 marks, 150 words)

(b) Marriage Regulations and Alliance Theory (10 marks, 150 words)

(c) Historical Particularism and Franz Boas (10 marks, 150 words)

(d) “The bio-cultural approach is the hallmark of Biological Anthropology.” Explain. (10 marks, 150 words)

(e) Thermoluminescence (TL) dating (10 marks, 150 words)

Write short notes on the following in about 150 words each:

(a) Purushartha and righteous living today (10 marks, 150 words)

(b) Relevance of tribe-caste continuum (10 marks, 150 words)

(c) Harappan seals (10 marks, 150 words)

(d) Caste and social capital (10 marks, 150 words)

(e) Factionalism and politics in rural India (10 marks, 150 words)

Answer the following in about 150 words each: (10x5=50 marks)

1. (a) Describe the concept of 'Altiplanation'. (10 marks, 150 words)

1. (b) What are the important factors responsible for airmass modifications ? (10 marks, 150 words)

1. (c) Discuss the hazards associated with rise of sea-surface temperature. (10 marks, 150 words)

1. (d) Gene pool centres are 'Good Hope' for biodiversity conservation. Elucidate. (10 marks, 150 words)

1. (e) Describe how ecosystem services of Himalaya are essential for Highland-Lowland sustainability in Asia. (10 marks, 150 words)

(a) On the outline map of India provided to you, mark the location of all the following. Write in your QCA Booklet the significance of these locations whether physical/commercial/economic/ecological/environmental/cultural, in not more than 30 words for each entry : (2x10=20)

(i) Ziro Valley

(ii) Khecheopalri Lake

(iii) Toranmal

(iv) Subarnarekha River

(v) Koderma

(vi) Sir Creek

(vii) Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary

(viii) Peechi Dam

(ix) Digha Beach

(x) Pamban Island

(b) Discuss the geo-political impact of bilateral relationship between India and Bhutan. (10)

(c) Discuss the economic significance of volcanic soils of India. (10)

(d) Give a reasoned account of difference between sugar industry of North and Peninsular India. (10)

Identify the following places marked on the map supplied to you and write a short note of about 30 words on each of them in your Question-cum-Answer Booklet. Locational hints for each of the places marked on the map are given below seriatim : (50 marks, ~30 words per subpart)

(i) Paleolithic site

(ii) Mesolithic site

(iii) Neolithic site

(iv) Neolithic-Chalcolithic site

(v) Harappan site

(vi) Proto-historic and historic site

(vii) Inscriptional site

(viii) Jain monastic site

(ix) Coin hoard

(x) Paleolithic site

(xi) Terracotta site

(xii) Rock-cut caves

(xiii) Ancient learning centre

(xiv) Political and cultural centre

(xv) Buddhist site

(xvi) Ancient port

(xvii) Early historic site

(xviii) Ivory hoard

(xix) Buddhist monastic centre

(xx) Temple complex

Critically examine the following statements in about 150 words each: (10x5=50 marks, 150 words each)

(a) The introduction of Western education transformed India in unforeseen ways. (10 marks, 150 words)

(b) Tipu Sultan had little success in setting forth a course of change significantly different from the general experience of 18th century crisis of Indian politics and society where public life tended over and over to become a system of plundering. (10 marks, 150 words)

(c) The Vernacular Press Act of 1878 was designed for better control of the vernacular press and to empower the government with more effective means of punishing and repressing seditious writings. (10 marks, 150 words)

(d) The rise of the Communist Movement in India in the 1920s lent a militant and revolutionary content to the Trade Union Movement. (10 marks, 150 words)

(e) In the first decade of the 20th century, the atmosphere was ripe for the emergence of revolutionary groups to fill up the vacant space in the political map of the country. (10 marks, 150 words)

Write short answers to the following in about 150 words each: (10x5=50 marks, 150 words each)

1. (a) "There is a red chair." How would Plato explain this statement with the use of his theory of forms? Examine. (10 marks)

1. (b) "Potentiality is indefinable" according to Aristotle. Explain the relationship between potentiality and actuality with reference to the above philosophical position by taking the example of a "wooden table". (10 marks)

1. (c) "Sensible things are those only which are immediately perceived by sense." Explain Berkeley's theory of knowledge with reference to the above statement. (10 marks)

1. (d) Examine the concept of personal identity by Locke. (10 marks)

1. (e) "The relation between cause and effect is one of constant conjunction". Examine Hume's criticism of causation in the light of the above statement. (10 marks)

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: (10x5=50)

(a) Discuss critically the distributive theory of justice as propounded by R. Nozick. (10 marks)

(b) How does Rousseau distinguish between natural and artificial inequality? Explain. (10 marks)

(c) Is Austin's theory of sovereignty compatible with democracy? Discuss. (10 marks)

(d) Does monarchy as a form of government leave room for individual freedom? Explain. (10 marks)

(e) How far can land and property rights be effective in empowerment of women? Explain. (10 marks)

Comment on the following in about 150 words each :

(a) Feminist critique of the State (10 marks, 150 words)

(b) Affirmative action (10 marks, 150 words)

(c) Equality of outcome as a political idea (10 marks, 150 words)

(d) Tools of legitimation of the State (10 marks, 150 words)

(e) J. S. Mill's ideas on women suffrage (10 marks, 150 words)

Answer the following in about 150 words each:

(a) Discuss the political economy approach to the comparative analysis of politics. (10 marks, 150 words)

(b) “Political parties and pressure groups are sine qua non of democracy.” Comment. (10 marks, 150 words)

(c) “Marxist approach to the study of international relations has lost its relevance in the post-cold war era.” Comment. (10 marks, 150 words)

(d) What measures have been undertaken by the United Nations for its reforms ? (10 marks, 150 words)

(e) Discuss the five proposals made by India in the recent COP-26 conference held in Glasgow. (10 marks, 150 words)

Answer the following in about 150 words each:

(a) “Governance is about managing self-organizing networks.” Elaborate. (10 marks, 150 words)

(b) “Two-dimensional taxonomy was used by Herbert Simon to describe the degree to which decisions are programmed or non-programmed.” Explain. (10 marks, 150 words)

(c) Examine the approach of public service motivation as an inducement to bring the desired level of efficiency in public service delivery. (10 marks, 150 words)

(d) In theory, the ‘civil society organizations’ promote cooperation between people and public service organizations, but in practice, their activities restrict the promotion of government programmes. Analyze. (10 marks, 150 words)

(e) Fayol and Taylor had different management perspectives, while having similar goal of organizational efficiency. Comment. (10 marks, 150 words)

Answer the following in about 150 words each :

(a) The Preamble to the Constitution of India provides a foundational framework of ideals and values for the Indian administration. Discuss. (10 marks, about 150 words)

(b) Examine the extent to which the ideal of Constitutionalism as 'government by limited powers' has been a functional reality in India. (10 marks, about 150 words)

(c) Red-tapism is a major obstacle to the implementation of 'good governance'. Comment. (10 marks, about 150 words)

(d) The role and status of the Speaker in parliamentary system have their foundation in the Speaker's stance on neutrality. Comment: (10 marks, about 150 words)

(e) The Union government develops and practices strategies to administer increasing number of existing local government services by sidelining local initiatives and discretion. Examine. (10 marks, about 150 words)

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each : (10x5=50)

(a) Europe was the first and the only place where modernity emerged. Comment. (10 marks, 150 words)

(b) Do you think ethnomethodology helps us in getting reliable and valid data? Justify your answer. (10 marks, 150 words)

(c) Discuss the challenges involved in collecting data through census method. (10 marks, 150 words)

(d) Explain whether Durkheim's theory of Division of Labour is relevant in the present day context. (10 marks, 150 words)

(e) Critically examine Max Weber's theory of Social Stratification. (10 marks, 150 words)

Write short answers, with a sociological perspective, of the following questions in about 150 words each:

(a) Caste system studies in India have been dominated by the “book-view” initially. How did the entry of “field-view” bring about a balance in the study of Indian caste system? Discuss. (10 marks, 150 words)

(b) What does Dr. B. R. Ambedkar mean by the concept of “Annihilation of caste”? (10 marks, 150 words)

(c) Discuss different forms of kinship system in India. (10 marks, 150 words)

(d) Critically examine briefly the phrase “Little Republics” as used to denote India’s villages. (10 marks, 150 words)

(e) Caste-like formations are present in Non-Hindu religious communities as well. Discuss with examples. (10 marks, 150 words)

## Passage

The resolution of bankruptcy cases of Indian banks under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code should help bring non-performing assets (NPA) situation under some control. Despite the slow pace of resolution by the National Company Law Tribunal, the Code can be helpful in cleaning up bank books in future credit cycles. The recapitalization of public sector banks too can help increase the capital cushion of banks and induce them to lend more and boost economic activity. But bad debt resolution and recapitalization are only a part of the solution as they, by themselves, can do very little to rein in reckless lending that has pushed the Indian banking system to its current sorry state. Unless there are systemic reforms that address the problem of unsustainable lending, future credit cycles will continue to stress the banking system.

**Which one of the following statements best reflects the most logical, rational and practical suggestion implied by the passage given above?**

(A) Lending by the banks should be closely monitored and regulated by the central government

(B) Interest rates should be kept low so as to induce banks to lend more, promote credit growth and thereby boost economic activity

(C) Merger of many banks into a few large banks alone in the long-term solution to make them viable and prevent their bad performance

(D) Indian banking system requires structural reforms as a long-term solution for bad loans problem.

Consider the following statements:

1. The Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is appointed by the Central Government.

2. Certain provisions in the Constitution of India give the Central Government the right to issue directions to the RBI in public interest.

3. The Governor of the RBI draws his power from the RBI Act.

Which of the above statements are correct?

(A) 1 and 2 only

(B) 2 and 3 only

(C) 1 and 3 only

(D) 1, 2 and 3